“西游”的文化范式及其转换

摘 要： 《穆天子传》所讲叙的穆王西游故事，不是一般意义上的巡狩、封禅，也不是寻常的旅游、探险，是西周帝王对华夏版图以西的西部所特有的神玉源头的一种朝圣之旅。这种西游范式，铸就了佛教传入中国以前华夏本土神话与宗教信念之中最重要的源头地区是充满美玉的西部神山。自佛教传入中国后，佛教发源的印度古国取代先秦神话的昆仑，成为建构新的西方想象的范型。《西游记》在此转换中起到了推波助澜作用。

关键词： 《穆天子传》； 《西游记》； 文化范式

abstract: the story of emperor of mu recorded the story in which emperor of mu pilgrimed to the west. this was not a hunting trip, a mount dedication in general sense, nor a usual tour or adventure, but a pilgrimage made by emperor of mu as the sovereign of the west zhou dynasty to the origin of holy jade in the west of the chinese territory. this pattern of traveling to the west established the belief in chinese native mythology and religion prior to the introduction of buddhism to china that all chinese gods were originated from the holy mountains in western china where majestic jades were abundant. after the introduction of buddhism, the ancient india as the origin of buddhism took the place of the kunluns in the preqin myths to be the model to construct a new imaginary west, to which the buddhist journey to the west promoted the transition.

key words: the story of emperor of mu; the buddhist journey to the west; cultural pattern

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一、 《穆天子传》：昆仑玉乡朝圣史诗

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《穆天子传》所讲述的穆王西游故事，既不是一般意义上的巡狩、封禅，也不是寻常的旅游、探险，而是西周帝王对华夏版图以西的西部边地所特有的神玉源头的一种朝圣之旅。

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今通行本《穆天子传》共6卷，前3卷讲述西征过程；第4、第5两卷讲述东归及以后事；第6卷为后人添加，叙述盛姬死丧之事。若将前3卷看做一个整体的穆王西征故事，那么其叙事的主干大体围绕着玉神话及玉礼仪而展开。其情节如下：

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